HSV prevalence in the Australian population

AHMF Board members Prof Anthony Cunningham and Prof Adrian Mindel are contributing authors in the first representative, nationwide, population based survey of HSV-1 and 2 seroprevalence undertaken in Australia.

What's known?

  • Infections caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2 are among the commonest human viral infections throughout the world.
  • HSV-2 infection is of public health importance as it is one of the commonest causes of genital ulceration and also implicated as an important co-factor for HIV transmission.
  • With potential availability of HSV vaccines, a clear understanding of the epidemiology of HSV types 1 and 2 is essential.

What’s New?

  • AHMF Board members Prof Anthony Cunningham and Prof Adrian Mindel are contributing authors in a landmark study, which examined blood specimens from thousands of Australians in many cities and rural centres for antibodies to HSV types 1 and 2.
  • This is the first representative, nationwide, population based survey of HSV 1 and 2 seroprevalence undertaken outside the United States.
  • 12 per cent of Australian adults are infected with HSV-2, and 76 per cent are infected with HSV-1.
  • Australian women are twice as likely to carry the HSV-2 virus compared with men.
  • People in rural areas are less likely to carry HSV-2.
  • Indigenous people are more likely to carry HSV-2.
  • This study confirms that Australia has a relatively low HSV-2 seroprevalence compared with most other countries.

 

Research summary
Author(s): 

A L Cunningham, R Taylor, J Taylor, C Marks J Shaw, A Mindel

Full title: 

Prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in Australia: a nationwide population based survey

Publication details: 

Sex Transm Infect 2006; 82:164-168.

Abstract: 

Background: Studies demonstrating previous herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection as a risk factor for HIV transmission, and the development of a HSV vaccine candidate, have emphasised the need for worldwide population based studies of HSV seroprevalence. The only nationwide seroprevalence studies have been conducted in the United States.

Methods: An Australia-wide, population based study of HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence was conducted, using serum and sociodemographic data collected between 1999–2000, for a representative study of risk factors for diabetes in over 11 000 adults. A stratified random sample of 4000 was tested for HSV-2 and 1000 for HSV-1, with sampling and weighting for various demographic factors.

Results: Seroprevalence of HSV-2 in Australian adults was 12%. Prevalence in women (16%) was twice that in men (8%). Rural populations had a lower prevalence (9%) than metropolitan (13%), and Indigenous had a higher prevalence (18%) than the non-Indigenous populations (12%). The seroprevalence of HSV-1 was 76% with significant differences by age group, sex and Indigenous status.

Conclusion: These are the first nationwide data to compare with US studies. HSV-2 infection is less common in Australia than the United States, and this will allow planning for combating HIV transmission in high prevalence populations in northern Australia. In addition, the high HSV-1 seroprevalence will be important for future deployment of genital herpes vaccines.

More information

Australian Herpes Management Forum, c/- STIRC, Marian Villa, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia.

Telephone: +61 (2) 8230 3843 - Fax: +61 (2) 9845 6287

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