Transmission of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in a prospective cohort of HIV-negative gay men

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 were commonly sexually transmitted, and there were more HSV-1 than HSV-2 seroconversions.

What's known?

  • HSV-1 has become an increasingly common cause of clinical anogenital herpes in developed countries, including Australia.
  • It has been postulated that lower rates of HSV-1 acquisition during childhood and increasing rates of orogenital sex practices may explain this finding.
  • Epidemiological studies of HSV-2 have shown this virus to be more common in homosexually active men, and they have reported an independent association with HIV acquisition in this population.

What’s new?

  • This study examined the seroepidemiological profile of and risk factors for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in a longitudinal study of gay men in Sydney, Australia.
  • Study participants were men in the Health in Men (HIM) cohort study who were recruited from June 2001 through December 2004.
  • Sexual behaviours were examined as risk factors for prevalent and incident HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in a community-based cohort of 1427 HIV-negative gay men in Australia.
  • All the eligible study participants underwent annual face to face interview and telephonic interviews every six months with annual collection of blood samples.
  • The prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 at baseline was 75% and 23%, respectively.
  • The rate of prevalent infection with HSV-1, as well as the rate of prevalent infection with HSV-2, was much lower in individuals < 25 years of age, and each type of infection was associated with a higher number of both male and female sex partners.
  • Among participants who were susceptible to infection, the incidence rates for HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection were 5.58 and 1.45 cases per 100 person-years, respectively.
  • Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 were commonly sexually transmitted, and there were more HSV-1 than HSV-2 seroconversions.
  • Authors stated that public-health strategies targeted against anogenital herpes increasingly need to take into account the importance of HSV-1 infection.

 

Research summary
Author(s): 

Fengyi Jin, Garrett P. Prestage, Limin Mao, Susan C. Kippax, Catherine M. Pell, Basil Donovan, David J. Templeton, Janette Taylor, Adrian Mindel, John M. Kaldor, and Andrew E. Grulich

Full title: 

Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in a Prospective Cohort of HIV-Negative Gay Men: The Health in Men Study

Publication details: 

The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006 (1 September); 194:561–70. Electronically published 28 July 2006

Abstract: 

Background: Despite increasing reports of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1)–associated anogenital herpes, there are very limited data comparing the seroepidemiological profile of and risk factors for HSV‐1 and HSV type 2 (HSV‐2) infection.

Methods: Sexual behaviors were examined as risk factors for prevalent and incident HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 infections in a community‐based cohort of 1427 HIV‐negative gay men in Australia.

Results: The prevalence of HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 at baseline was 75% and 23%, respectively. The rate of prevalent infection with HSV‐1, as well as the rate of prevalent infection with HSV‐2, was much lower in individuals <25 years of age, and each type of infection was associated with a higher number of both male and female sex partners. The median duration of follow‐up of the cohort was 2.0 years. Among participants who were susceptible to infection, the incidence rates for HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 infection were 5.58 and 1.45 cases per 100 person-years, respectively. In multivariate analysis, incident infection with HSV‐1 was significantly associated with younger age ( ) and reports of frequent insertive oral sex with casual partners (hazard ratio, 3.91 [95% confidence interval, 1.23–12.44]; ). Incident infection with HSV‐2 was significantly associated with a variety of anal sex practices with casual partners.

Conclusions: Both HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 were commonly sexually transmitted, and there were more HSV‐1 than HSV‐2 seroconversions. Public health strategies targeted against anogenital herpes increasingly need to take into account the importance of HSV‐1 infection.

More information

Australian Herpes Management Forum, c/- STIRC, Marian Villa, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia.

Telephone: +61 (2) 8230 3843 - Fax: +61 (2) 9845 6287

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